Let’s look at the following examples:
1. arise (present), arose, (past), arisen (past participle)
2. awake (present), awoke (past), awoken (past participle)
In the above examples, the vowel sound changes in the past tense, but without adding –ed, -d or –t to the Present. Therefore,
There are two kinds of strong verbs
1. Verbs that form the past participle by the addition of n, en or ne.2. Verbs that form the past participle without any such addition.
List of Strong Verbs
|
Present |
Past |
Past Participle |
|
arise |
arose |
arisen |
|
awake |
awoke |
awoken |
|
bear (produced) |
bore |
born |
|
bear (carry) |
bore |
borne |
|
beat |
beat |
beaten |
|
become |
became |
become |
|
begin |
began |
begun |
|
behold |
beheld |
beheld |
|
bid |
bade bid |
bidden bid |
|
bind |
bound |
bound |
|
bite |
bit |
bitten |
|
blow |
blew |
blown |
|
break |
broke |
broken |
|
choose |
chose |
chosen |
|
cling |
clung |
clung |
|
come |
came |
come |
|
crow |
crew |
crowed |
|
dig |
dug |
dug |
|
do |
did |
done |
|
draw |
drew |
drawn |
|
drink |
drank |
drunk |
|
drive |
drove |
driven |
|
eat |
ate |
eaten |
|
fall |
fell |
fallen |
|
fight |
fought |
fought |
|
find |
found |
found |
|
fling |
flung |
flung |
|
fly |
flew |
flown |
|
forget |
forgot |
forgotten |
|
forsake |
forsook |
forsaken |
|
freeze |
froze |
frozen |
|
get |
got |
got gotten |
|
give |
gave |
given |
|
go |
went |
gone |
|
grind |
ground |
ground |
|
grow |
grew |
grown |
|
hang |
hung |
hung |
|
hide |
hid |
hidden |
|
hold |
held |
held |
|
know |
knew |
known |
|
lie |
lay |
lain |
|
ride |
rode |
ridden |
|
ring |
rang |
rung |
|
rise |
rose |
risen |
|
run |
ran |
run |
|
see |
saw |
seen |
|
shake |
shook |
shaken |
|
shine |
shone |
shone |
|
shrink |
shrank |
shrunk |
|
sing |
sang |
sung |
|
sink |
sank |
sunk |
|
sit |
sat |
sat |
|
slay |
slew |
slain |
|
slide |
slid |
slid |
|
sling |
slung |
slung |
|
smite |
smote |
smitten |
|
speak |
spoke |
spoken |
|
spin |
span |
spun |
|
spit |
spat |
spat |
|
spring |
sprang |
sprung |
|
stand |
stood |
stood |
|
steal |
stole |
stolen |
|
stick |
stuck |
stuck |
|
strike |
struck |
struck |
|
string |
strove |
striven |
|
swear |
swore |
sworn |
|
swim |
swam |
swum |
|
swing |
swung |
swung |
|
take |
took |
taken |
|
tear |
tore |
torn |
|
thrive |
throve thrived |
thriven thrived |
|
throw |
threw |
thrown |
|
tread |
trod |
trodden |
|
wake |
woke |
woken |
|
wear |
wore |
worn |
|
weave |
wove |
woven |
|
win |
won |
won |
|
wind |
wound |
wound |
|
wring |
wrung |
wrung |
|
write |
wrote |
written |
Practice Exercise
Q1) Read each sentence below. Circle the verb which best completes each sentence.a. Tina (swim / swam) yesterday.
b. He (rides / rode) the bus to the station.
c. Birds (flies / flew) in the sky.
d. Tia (sleep / slept) all night.
e. The children (throws / threw) stones at the puppies.
f. I (sits / sat) on front seat of my friend’s car.
g. He (saw / see) a beautiful butterfly in the park.
h. Ravi (swim / swum) every morning.
i. I will (write / written) my article tonight.
j. Tia (eat / ate) her lunch in the canteen yesterday.
k. My mother (write / wrote) me a letter when I was in hostel.
l. I (thinks / thought) about cutting my hair.
m. He (know / knew) what she meant.
n. I (speaks / spoke) to them and they will not repeat this again.
o. How (did / done) you know him?
p. A snake (bitten / bites) the man.
Q2) Circle the past tense for each verb.
a. Uncle (drove / drived) us to the railway station.
b. The baby (beginned / began) to crawl.
c. My friend (drinked / drank) all the coke.
d. Tina (spoke / speaked) to her friend over phone.
e. We (ran / runned) around the ground.
f. She will (wear / wore) her favourite dress.
g. She (sang / sanged) a melodious song.
h. The bird (fly / flew) away.
i. Timmy (won / wined) the first prize.
j. Jim was (beaten / beated) by Tim.
k. We (gave / given) him a pencil.
l. He (catched / caught) the thief.
m. Aeroplane (fly / flew) over the mountain.
n. He was (stung / stinged) by a bee.
o. He (begin / began) to tell the true story.
· I swim in the pool every day.
· I daily arise from bed at 6.00 A.M.
________________________________________
· I begin my lecture at 8 A.M.
________________________________________
· Aeroplanes fly in the sky.
________________________________________
· The sun shines brightly in the sky.
________________________________________
· The peon rings the bell.
________________________________________
· The clock strikes eleven.
________________________________________
· She wears a gold bracelet.
________________________________________
· Cold wind blows in the morning.
________________________________________
· Our team wins every match.
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Q4) Write the past and past participle tense of each verb listed below.
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