Chapter - 7 Conservation of Plants and Animals
Differences Summary
a) Wild animals
Ans: : Effects of deforestation on wild animals:
- The destruction of trees or other vegetation from an area for industrial, agricultural, or other uses is known as deforestation.
- Many animals' habitats are made up of trees and other vegetation.
- As a result, if wild animal habitat is lost, their numbers will naturally drop.
Ans: Effects of deforestation on the environment:
- Photosynthesis occurs when plants absorb CO2 from the atmosphere.
- The level of CO2 in the atmosphere will rise if plants are killed. As a result, more heat radiation will be trapped by CO2, contributing to global warming.
- The natural water cycle will be disrupted if the Earth's temperature rises. As a result, there will be a shift in the pattern of rainfall. This could result in flooding or other disasters.
Ans: Effects of deforestation on villages:
- The main source of revenue in the village is farming, which requires fertile soil.
- The trees are the ones who keep the soil fruitful by holding on to it.
- Without trees, the soil will become loose and readily swept away by the wind, and water will cause erosion, reducing the land's productivity.
- As a result, deforestation will have an impact on the villagers' livelihood
- Because the amount of pollution in cities will be high, as will the level of CO2,trees will be required to clean up the pollutants and give fresh air.
- However, deforestation will result in a rise in pollution, particularly CO2 emissions from automobiles and industrial waste.
- It may also raise the temperature in the area, disrupting the water cycle.
- From a bird's eye view, if the number of forests decreases day by day, this will result in an increase in CO2 levels in the air, which will cause global warming by raising the temperature, causing polar ice to melt and sea levels to rise, potentially causing natural disasters. All of this is due to deforestation.
4. What will happen if:
a) we go on cutting trees.
b) the habitat of an animal is disturbed.
c) the top layer of soil is exposed.
● On the planet, there are many different kinds of plants and animals. They are necessary for humanity's well-being and survival.
● A severe threat to the survival of these species exists today. Deforestation is a threat to organisms. We are aware that deforestation entails the removal of trees, forests and repurposing the land. Forest trees are felled for a variety of reasons.
● Listed below are a few of the goals:
A. Acquiring land for farming.
B. Building houses and factories.
C. Making furniture or using wood as fuel.
● The water cycle is disrupted by rising temperatures on the planet, and rainfall may be reduced as a result. Droughts may result as a result of this.
● The lower, hard, and rocky layers of the soil are exposed when the top layer of soil is removed. This soil is less productive and has less humus. The rich terrain gradually degrades into deserts. It's known as desertification.
● Biodiversity is defined as the presence of a large number of different types of organisms, as well as the full spectrum of their variants (bio types), all of which are adapted to diverse temperatures, habitats, and geographic areas.
● The terms "wildlife sanctuary," "national park," and "biosphere reserve" are used to describe places dedicated to forest and wild animal conservation and preservation.
● Wildlife sanctuaries are areas where animals and their habitats are safeguarded from harm.
National Parks are protected areas where wild animals can freely utilise the ecosystems and natural resources.
● Large expanses of protected territory for the conservation of natural life, plant and animal resources, and the traditional way of life of the tribals who live in
the area are known as Biosphere Reserves.
● Endangered species are those that can only be found in a specific area, they are in danger of becoming extinct. The Red Data Book is a database of endangered species.
● Plant and animal species that are only found in a specific place are known as endemic species. They aren't found anywhere else in nature. A zone, a state, or a country may be home to an endemic species of animal or plant.
● Migration is the phenomenon of a species moving from its own habitat to another area for a specific purpose such as breeding for a set length of time each year.
● To save forests, electricity, and water, we should save, reuse, and recycle paper.
Reforestation is the process of replanting new trees in depleted forests.
Flora: The various sorts of plants that make up an area's flora. Silver ferns, sal, teak, mango, and other plants are examples.
● Animals found in a given area are referred to as fauna . For instance, a dog, a frog, insects, a bull, a jackal, and so forth.
● Extinct Species: Plant and animal species that have already died out. Dodo, Indian cheetah, Pink-headed duck, and so on.
● Threatened Species: Species that are on the verge of extinction unless they are given the opportunity to reach their maximum biotic potential by removing the threat.
● Threatened Species Types:
I. Endangered Species: An animal or plant species that is critically endangered. Indian rhinoceros, Asiatic lion, Asiatic wild ass, and so forth.
II. Vulnerable Species: A vulnerable species is an animal or plant that is on the verge of becoming extinct unless something changes. Chinkara deer and black buck, golden langur, and others are examples.
III. Rare Species: Species whose population was once limited and dispersed over the globe.
● National Parks are protected regions set aside only for the benefit of wildlife. These are founded after the legislature has given its permission.
Hazaribagh National Park in Jharkhand, Desert National Park in Rajasthan, and others are examples.
● Sanctuaries are government-designated locations where hunting is prohibited. These are simply in place to safeguard wild animals. Jaldapara in Madarihat (West Bengal), and Keoladeo Ghana in Bharatpur are two examples (Rajasthan).
● The Red Data Book is a reference book that has a list of all endangered animals and plants. An organisation maintains the Red Data Book on a global scale. India likewise keeps a Red Data Book for flora and animals that can be found there.
● Reforestation is the process of replanting new trees in depleted forests. The trees that are planted should be of the same species as those existing in the forest. At the very least, we should plant as many trees as we tear down. Natural reforestation is also possible.
● Migration: Bird and animal migration is described as the regular, periodic, two-way movement of birds and animals from one location to another following well-known paths. Seasonal variables, breeding, food scarcity, and other factors all play a role. The migratory birds of Bharatpur bird sanctuary are well-known.